Doctors call for homeopathy ban

Fonte: Telegraph.co.uk
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7857349/Doctors-call-for-homeopathy-ban.html

Hundreds of doctors will this week call for a ban on NHS funding for homeopathic treatments.

Homeopathy is based on a theory that substances which cause symptoms in a healthy person can, when vastly diluted, cure the same problems in a sick person. Photo: GETTY

Delegates to the British Medical Association's conference are expected to support seven motions opposing the use of public money to pay for remedies which they claim have 'no place in the modern health service.'

They are also calling for junior doctors to be exempt from being placed in homoeopathic hospitals, claiming it goes against the principles of evidence-based medicine.

The conference will also hear calls for homoeopathic remedies to be banned from chemists unless they are clearly labelled as placebos rather than medicines.

The NHS needs to make £20 billion in cuts over the next few years and doctors say the health service cannot afford 'sugar pills and placebos.'

Supporters say homoeopathy helps thousands of patients with chronic conditions such as ME, asthma, migraine and depression who have not responded to conventional medical treatments.

A report from the Science and Technology Select Committee earlier this year also urged the NHS to cease funding homoeopathic treatments.

Dr Gordon Lehany, a psychiatrist and chair of the BMA's Scottish junior doctors committee said: "We're not saying homoeopathy shouldn't happen, just that it should not be funded on the NHS.

"While placebos can work, they are not medicines, there is no active ingredient, and so if people want to access these expensive sugar tablets, they have to find the money themselves."

But the British Homoeopathic Association (BHA) points out that less than 0.01 per cent of the massive NHS drug bill is spent on homoeopathic tinctures and pills.

David Tredinnick, the Tory MP and champion of homeopathy, has tabled a motion rejecting calls for a ban. And pro-homeopathy protestors will demonstrate outside the BMA conference in Brighton on Tuesday.

How Acupuncture pierces chronic pain

Dan Ferber
30 de maio de 2010
 
Fonte: Science Now
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/05/how-acupuncture-pierces-chronic-.html
 
Millions of people worldwide use acupuncture to ease a variety of painful conditions, but it’s still not clear how the ancient treatment works. Now a new study of mice shows that insertion of an acupuncture needle activates nearby pain-suppressing receptors. What’s more, a compound that boosts the response of those receptors increases pain relief—a finding that could one day lead to drugs that enhance the effectiveness of acupuncture in people.

Researchers have developed two hypotheses for how acupuncture relieves pain. One holds that the needle stimulates pain-sensing nerves, which trigger the brain to release opiumlike compounds called endorphins that circulate in the body. The other holds that acupuncture works through a placebo effect, in which the patient's thinking releases endorphins. Neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard of the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York state was skeptical about both hypotheses because acupuncture doesn’t hurt and often works only when needles are inserted near the sore site. Nedergaard instead suspected that when acupuncturists insert and rotate needles, they cause minor damage to the tissue, which releases a compound called adenosine that acts as a local pain reliever.

Nedergaard first assigned the study as a summer project to her then-16-year-old daughter, Nanna Goldman. Goldman and other researchers in Nedergaard’s lab lightly anesthetized mice to get them to hold still, inserted a needle into an acupuncture point on the lower leg, and sampled the fluid around the needle. They found a 24-fold rise in adenosine, which seemed promising.

Next, they tested whether boosting the action of adenosine helped alleviate two types of chronic foot pain—pain from inflammation, which underlies conditions such as arthritis; and pain from nerve damage, which occurs in conditions such as spinal cord injuries or complications of diabetes. By performing neurosurgery or by injecting a substance that promoted inflammation, the team created mice that had one of these conditions in their feet. Both types of chronic pain make mice recoil from mild stimuli that wouldn’t bother comfortable animals. Then the researchers tested each mouse’s sensitivity to two types of stimuli: touch, which they measured by how quickly the mouse pulled its sore foot off a metal filament; and heat, which they measured by shining a classroom laser pointer on the animal’s sore foot and measuring how quickly it pulled that foot away.

Inserting an acupuncture needle or locally injecting a drug that boosted adenosine’s action made the mice far less sensitive to pain. But neither treatment eased pain in mice that lacked a cell-surface receptor through which adenosine exerts its effects. These results demonstrate that adenosine acts as a biochemical messenger that helped soothe pain during acupuncture, says Nedergaard. The researchers obtained further confirmation by showing that both treatments lowered the activity in a pain-sensing area of the brain known as the anterior cingulate cortex.

To determine whether they could boost the pain-relieving effects of acupuncture, the researchers gave the injured mice a drug that leads tissue to accumulate more adenosine. The drug made adenosine stick around three times longer—and it tripled the period of pain relief from 1 hour to 3, the researchers report online today in Nature Neuroscience. Although the drug they used, an anticancer drug called deoxycoformycin, is too toxic to use routinely in the clinic, Nedergaard calls the finding a “proof of principle that you can improve the effect of acupuncture.”

The work is “a landmark study” that was “very meticulously done, with a very clear hypothesis that was attacked on many different levels,” says Vitaly Napadow, a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School in Charlestown, Massachusetts. More research is needed to test whether the pain-relieving pathway works not only in anesthetized mice but also in awake humans. “Whether this really flies in humans, I have no idea,” he says. “But I think it is a very important first step."